Lithium-based batteries are highly sensitive to voltage, so the spikes can damage them. This is always true for batteries such as lead-acid batteries, but not always in lithium-based versions. For instance, the battery voltage spikes are usually lower than the maximum voltage that the battery can tolerate without damage. However, the pulse scheme also has many disadvantages. The pulse charging scheme is one of the most popular schemes due to its simple and cost-effective implementation. The process is repeated several times until the battery voltage reaches the nominal battery voltage. The battery voltage recovers normal levels when it can fully absorb the injected charge, after which the battery voltage reaches a level higher than before applying the current peak. The high current level initially generates a battery voltage spike higher than the battery’s rated maximum voltage. ![]() The simplest charging scheme is pulse charging, whereby a high-peak short duration current pulse is applied to the battery. To extend the number of recharge cycles, different battery charging schemes follow a profile designed to ensure safety and long life without compromising performance. This puts a limit on the number of recharge cycles. In addition, each charge cycle stresses the battery structure and causes battery degradation. Over the course of many electrochemical reactions, the internal structure of a battery gradually depletes, decreasing battery life. These schemes are designed to extend battery lifetime. For lithium-based batteries, two main schemes are applied in real applications: the pulse charging scheme and the constant-current constant-voltage (CCCV) scheme. Battery Charging Schemesīatteries can be charged with different processes involving different current and voltage regulations, usually called a charging scheme. Here, we'll design the charging process and power stage of a Li-ion, LiPo, and LiFePO4 battery charger using a HVPAK SLG47105 mixed-signal device and passive components to make a small monolithic battery charger. The charging process has evolved to boost performance, and the hardware has been miniaturized to achieve smaller chargers that can be included in portable devices without a large increase in weight and size. One of the key features that must be controlled to obtain better battery performance, in terms of available capacity and battery life, is the charging process. LiPo batteries have been developed for different capacities, from 80 mAh for small-sized low-power applications to 8 Ah for motor-based portable devices such as drones and remote-controlled cars. Battery capacity-a measure (typically in amp-hours) of the charge stored by the battery-is determined by the mass of active material contained in the battery. The second parameter that’s usually analyzed is the battery capacity. When higher voltages are required, such as 7.4 V, two LiPo cells are connected in series. They have a nominal cell voltage of 3.7 V, which is converted to a standard voltage for battery-based applications. LiPo batteries provide higher specific energy than other lithium battery types. The polymer electrolyte is formed by a high-conductivity semisolid (gel) that allows this battery type to be made in almost any size or shape. Li-polymer batteries are rechargeable batteries that use Li-ion technology with a polymer electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyte. With this constraint, Li-ion, Li-polymer (LiPo), and LiFePO4 batteries are the most used cells in real applications, with LiPo batteries at the top of the list. This portfolio of battery types, however, is reduced when considering portable devices that also must be lightweight. Several battery cells are available for supplying electronic devices, each of them with different advantages and disadvantages. The battery-charging process has evolved, including the procedure by which the battery is charged and the circuit implementation of this procedure. Battery chargers are an important part of the power-management system of such devices. Test results from the CCCV-based design.īattery-powered electronic devices have become one of the key elements of everyday life, and it’s more practical and cost-effective to use rechargeable batteries over those that need frequent replacement.The importance of proper battery charging. ![]() Members can download this article in PDF format.
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